Challenges and Barriers Hindering the Effective Implementation of Key Legislative Policies in Promoting Sustainable Industrial Practices in Nigeria

The successful application of laws is key to achieving sustainable industrial practices in developing countries. In Nigeria, however, several structural and situational obstacles hinder the effective implementation of laws into tangible results. This study examined the challenges that hinder the implementation of critical legislative policies promoting sustainable industrial practices in Nigeria. Using a mixed-methods approach, the research involved surveying 370 individuals from the manufacturing, agro-processing, and construction sectors, as well as conducting 20 interviews with policymakers, regulators, and industry leaders. The data were analysed through descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, logistic regression, and thematic analysis. The results showed that weak enforcement (37.8%), high costs of compliance technology (43.2%), political interference (35.1%), and low awareness (only 32.4% were highly aware) are significant barriers. The study concludes that, despite Nigeria having strong legislative frameworks, such as the Climate Change Act 2021 and NESREA regulations, their effectiveness is limited by weak institutions, financial constraints, and governance issues. It suggests improving regulatory capabilities, offering financial support for cleaner technologies, boosting cooperation among agencies, and increasing industry awareness and public advocacy. These steps are crucial for helping Nigeria transition towards sustainable industrialisation and achieving global environmental goals.