Citizens Impact Analysis of Nigeria’s Democratic Process – 2015-2025

This study examines citizens’ impact analysis of Nigeria’s democratic process, focusing on how democratic quality, electoral integrity, institutional checks and balances, and press freedom are perceived within the period 2015–2025. Using a descriptive survey design, quantitative data were obtained from 902 valid questionnaires administered across Lagos, Abuja (FCT), Kaduna, Bauchi, Enugu and Delta, while the study’s measures were structured around key democratic indicators and media-performance constructs. Results show overwhelming dissatisfaction with political representation since 2015 and a dominant perception that elections are not free and fair. Perceptions of separation of powers were mixed but leaned negative, while views on the partisanship of security agents during elections were divided with a slight majority affirming bias. Press freedom indices further suggest a constrained media environment characterised by perceived harassment, intimidation, legal pressures, and fear of publishing politically sensitive stories. The study concludes that weak perceived democratic performance and restricted media operating space jointly undermine democratic consolidation and citizen confidence. Strengthening electoral integrity, improving institutional independence, and guaranteeing press freedom are recommended as essential for enhancing democratic quality and citizen impact in Nigeria.