Carbon Emission Control in High-Carbon Industries: Research on Systematic Emission Reduction Pathways for Petroleum Enterprises

Against the accelerated global carbon neutrality process and increasingly stringent carbon constraint policies, the petroleum industry, as a typical high-carbon sector, generates massive carbon emissions across its entire industrial chain and faces triple pressures including carbon tariffs, ESG investment restrictions and energy structure transformation. Based on the carbon emission characteristics of the full value chain of petroleum enterprises, this paper sorts out core emission sources in upstream, midstream and downstream links, and analyzes practical constraints on systematic carbon reduction in the industry concerning technology, capital and global carbon market mechanisms. Drawing on practical cases of CCUS, green hydrogen substitution, digital carbon management and carbon trading adopted by leading domestic and foreign enterprises such as Equinor and Sinopec, this study constructs a four-dimensional integrated carbon emission control system covering technological innovation, energy structure transition, carbon market operation and full industrial chain collaboration, and verifies the practical effects of various emission reduction tools. Supporting policy suggestions are proposed from the perspectives of carbon pricing, green finance, technological cooperation and multi-stakeholder coordination. This research provides theoretical support and practical schemes for the low-carbon transformation of domestic petroleum enterprises, and offers references for studies on systematic carbon emission control in high-carbon industries.