An Integrated Assessment of Technical, Economic, Environmental, and Social Challenges in Electricity Distribution: Evidence from Abuja Electricity Distribution Company (AEDC), FCT-Abuja

This study provides an integrated assessment of the multifaceted challenges facing the Abuja Electricity Distribution Company (AEDC) in FCT-Abuja, focusing on technical, economic, environmental, and social dimensions. Using a mixed-methods approach that includes surveys, interviews, and document analysis, the research examines AEDC’s operational inefficiencies and their impact on customers. Findings reveal significant technical challenges, including irregular supply, frequent power surges, and low customer satisfaction with service quality. Economically, the prevalence of estimated and postpaid billing, despite the rise of prepaid meters, leads to widespread dissatisfaction with billing accuracy. Environmentally, the study highlights public scepticism about AEDC’s commitment to sustainable energy, although there is strong public support for renewable energy investment and adoption. Socially, the company suffers from poor customer service, delayed fault response, and a perception of unfair electricity distribution, which erodes public trust. Based on the Sociotechnical Systems (STS) theory, the study concludes that AEDC’s underperformance is rooted in the deep misalignment between its technical infrastructure and social practices. The findings underscore the urgent need for a holistic strategy that combines technical upgrades with reforms in customer engagement, financial transparency, and environmental responsibility to ensure a reliable and sustainable electricity supply.