Security and Privacy Issues of Intelligent Transportation System

Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) represent a critical integration of information, communication, and sensor technologies into transportation infrastructure, aimed at enhancing safety, efficiency, and sustainability. However, the increasing connectivity and data exchange inherent in ITS introduce significant cybersecurity vulnerabilities and privacy concerns. This paper provides a comprehensive review of security and privacy challenges within ITS, examining potential attack vectors such as wireless exploitation, sensor vulnerabilities, and software exploits, alongside risks related to user data collection, location tracking, and profiling. Through case studies and forward-looking scenarios, the paper highlights real-world implications of security breaches and privacy violations. Furthermore, it explores innovative mitigation strategies, including embedded cybersecurity roles, crowdsourced vulnerability detection, and privacy-by-design principles. The analysis concludes with an examination of emerging technologies such as blockchain and autonomous cyber-agents, as well as the essential role of regulatory frameworks and public awareness in safeguarding ITS. Ultimately, this review underscores the necessity of robust, multi-layered security and privacy measures to ensure the resilience, trustworthiness, and societal acceptance of intelligent transportation ecosystems.