Convergence of Traditional Agricultural Beliefs of Maranao Farmers and Scientific Principles in Selected Barangays of Saguiaran, lanao del sur

This study explores the convergence between traditional agricultural beliefs and scientific agricultural principles among Maranao farmers in Saguiaran, Lanao del Sur. Rooted in Indigenous Knowledge Systems (IKS), Maranao farming practices—such as seed saving, natural composting, intercropping, and lunar-based planting—continue to guide agricultural decision-making despite exposure to modern technologies. Using a descriptive qualitative design, data were collected from 15 Maranao farmers through interviews and focus group discussions to document traditional practices, understand their empirical basis, and identify points of alignment with scientific agronomy. Findings reveal that traditional practices persist not as outdated customs but as adaptive, observation-based frameworks that sustain ecological balance and productivity. Farmers demonstrated empirical reasoning consistent with scientific concepts such as nutrient recycling, soil enrichment, and integrated pest management. Results also show selective adoption and hybridization of modern techniques, reflecting cultural discernment and environmental awareness. However, the study highlights challenges in generational transmission, as younger Maranao show declining interest in traditional farming, risking the erosion of ecological knowledge. Despite these challenges, participants expressed openness to participatory integration—preferring agricultural programs delivered in the Maranao language and aligned with local customs. The findings affirm that indigenous and scientific systems are complementary knowledge partners, both vital to sustainable agricultural development. The study recommends culturally grounded and participatory agricultural extension programs that recognize traditional authority structures and promote co-creation between farmers and agricultural experts, ensuring ecological resilience, cultural continuity, and inclusive rural transformation in Maranao communities.