Pre-Pandemic Lecturers’ Perception and Readiness for Blended Learning in Medical Education: A Baseline Study for Digital Transformation in Nigerian Universities

This study investigated lecturers’ perception and readiness for blended learning in the Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria, using pre-COVID-19 data obtained before the global disruption of higher education by the coronavirus pandemic. The study became necessary in view of the rapid digital transformation that occurred in higher education during and after the COVID-19 pandemic, which compelled universities worldwide to adopt online and blended learning approaches. Consequently, the study sought to provide retrospective baseline evidence regarding lecturers’ awareness, knowledge, perception, and readiness for blended learning prior to the pandemic-driven transition to technology-enhanced learning. Specifically, the study examined lecturers’ awareness of blended learning, sources of awareness, knowledge of blended learning concepts, perceptions regarding the usefulness and ease of use of blended learning, and the influence of demographic variables such as gender, age, academic rank, and awareness on lecturers’ perception and knowledge of blended learning.

The study adopted a cross-sectional survey research design involving both descriptive and inferential statistical approaches. The population of the study comprised lecturers in the Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Port Harcourt. Using the Taro Yamane formula and simple random sampling technique, a sample size of seventy-two (72) lecturers was selected for the study. However, fifty-six (56) valid copies of the questionnaire were retrieved and used for analysis, representing a response rate of 77.8%. The instrument used for data collection was a structured questionnaire titled Lecturers’ Perception of Blended Learning Questionnaire (LPBLQ). The instrument was validated by experts in Educational Technology and Measurement and Evaluation, while reliability testing using Cronbach Alpha yielded a reliability coefficient of 0.82, indicating high internal consistency. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics such as frequencies, percentages, and mean scores, while Chi-square statistical analysis was used to test the hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance.

The findings revealed that lecturers demonstrated a high level of awareness of blended learning prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, with the internet and online platforms emerging as the major sources of awareness, followed by workshops and seminars. Despite the high awareness observed, lecturers demonstrated only moderate knowledge and competence regarding blended learning implementation, particularly in areas relating to blended course design, online assessment, and instructional integration. The findings further revealed that lecturers generally possessed positive perceptions regarding the usefulness and ease of use of blended learning and believed that blended learning could improve instructional effectiveness, learner engagement, and educational flexibility within medical education. The study also revealed statistically significant relationships between gender and lecturers’ perception of blended learning, age and perception of blended learning, academic rank and knowledge of blended learning, as well as awareness and perception of blended learning.

The study concluded that although lecturers within the Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences possessed considerable awareness and positive perceptions toward blended learning before the COVID-19 pandemic, practical readiness and technological competence for large-scale implementation remained only moderate. The study therefore provides important retrospective baseline evidence for understanding the pre-pandemic state of digital preparedness within medical education and contributes to contemporary discussions on digital transformation, technology integration, and sustainable blended learning implementation in Nigerian higher education.