Prevalence of Cardiovascular Disease in a Faith-Based Community: The Pentecostal Theological Seminary Akpajo Eleme, Rivers State, Nigeria

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally, yet little is known about its prevalence among abstinent faith-based populations. This study aimed to assess the burden of CVD and its risk factors among clergy members of a Pentecostal seminary in Southern Nigeria.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted during a week-long World Heart Day outreach at a theological seminary. A total of 134 consenting clergy members, all abstaining from smoking and alcohol, were recruited. Data were obtained using structured questionnaires, physical examination, anthropometry, blood pressure, and random blood sugar measurements. ECG and echocardiography were performed for clinically indicated participants. Logistic regression analysis assessed predictors of hypertension, diabetes, and CVD.
Results: The mean age was 42.84 ± 9.50 years, and mean BMI was 26.99 ± 4.98 kg/m², classifying the average participant as overweight. The prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, and CVD was 29.9%, 8.2%, and 38.8% respectively. BMI was a significant independent predictor of both hypertension (p=0.003) and CVD (p<0.001), whereas age showed weaker associations. Despite the absence of tobacco and alcohol use, high CVD burden was observed, likely influenced by poor dietary practices and sedentary lifestyle.
Conclusion: This study highlights that abstinence alone does not confer full protection from cardiometabolic risks. Excess weight, poor nutrition, and inactivity are potent contributors to cardiovascular disease in faith-based populations. Integrating health promotion into spiritual education could offer a culturally tailored strategy for disease prevention.